Enforcing contracts: Alternative dispute resolution (0-3) (DB16-20 methodology) Doing Business The alternative dispute resolution evaluates two aspects: (i) whether domestic commercial arbitration is regulated by law, all disputes can be submitted to arbitration and valid arbitration clauses are usually enforced by courts; and (ii) whether voluntary mediation and/or conciliation are a recognized way of resolving commercial disputes, they are regulated by law and there are financial incentives for parties to attempt mediation of conciliation. The index is computed based on the methodology in the DB17-20 studies. Enforcing contracts: Attorney fees (% of claim) Doing Business The attorney fees are the fees that plaintiff must advance to a local attorney in the standardized case, regardless of final reimbursement. Enforcing contracts: Cost (% of claim) Doing Business The cost to enforce contracts is recorded as a percentage of the claim value, assumed to be equivalent to 200% of income per capita or $5,000, whichever is greater. Three types of costs are recorded: average attorney fees, court costs and enforcement costs. Bribes are not taken into account. Enforcing contracts: Cost (% of claim) - Score Doing Business The score for cost to enforce contracts benchmarks economies with respect to the regulatory best practice on the indicator. The score is indicated on a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 represents the worst regulatory performance and 100 the best regulatory performance. Enforcing contracts: Case management (0-6) (DB16-20 methodology) Doing Business The case management evaluates six aspects of the court case management system: (i) whether there are regulations setting time standards for key court events; (ii) whether there are regulations on adjournments and continuances; (iii) whether performance measurement reports are publicly available; (iv) whether a pretrial conference is available; (v) whether an electronic case management system for judges is available; and (vi) whether an electronic case management system for lawyers is available. The index is computed based on the methodology in the DB17-20 studies. Enforcing contracts: Court automation (0-4) (DB17-20 methodology) Doing Business The court automation evaluates four aspects: (i) whether the initial complaint can be filed electronically; (ii) whether the initial complaint can be served electronically; (iii) whether court fees can be paid electronically; and (iv) whether judgments rendered in commercial matters are made available to the public. The index is computed based on the methodology in the DB17-20 studies. Enforcing contracts: Court fees (% of claim) Doing Business The court fees include all costs that plaintiff must advance to the court, regardless of the final cost borne by plaintiff. Court costs include the fees that the parties must pay to obtain an expert opinion, regardless of whether they are paid to the court or to the expert directly. Enforcing contracts: Court structure and proceedings (0-5) (DB17-20 methodology) Doing Business The court structure and proceedings evaluates five aspects of the court system: (i) whether a specialized commercial court, division or section is available; (ii) whether a small claims court and/or simplified procedure for small claims is available; (iii) whether pretrial attachment of defendant's movable assets is available; (iv) whether new cases are assigned randomly and through an automated system to judges; and (v) whether a woman’s testimony in court carries the same evidentiary weight as that of a man's. The index is computed based on the methodology in the DB17-20 studies. Enforcing contracts (DB04-15 methodology) - Score Doing Business The score for enforcing contracts is the simple average of the scores for each of the component indicators: the procedures, time and cost for resolving a commercial dispute through a local first-instance court. The score is computed based on the methodology in the DB04-15 studies. Enforcing contracts (DB17-20 methodology) - Score Doing Business The score for enforcing contracts is the simple average of the scores for each of the component indicators: the time and cost for resolving a commercial dispute through a local first-instance court, as well as the quality of judicial processes that promotes quality and efficiency in the court system. The score is computed based on the methodology in the DB17-20 studies. Enforcing contracts: Enforcement fees (% of claim) Doing Business The enforcement fees are all costs that plaintiff must advance to enforce the judgment through a public sale of defendant’s movable assets, regardless of the final cost borne by plaintiff. Enforcing contracts: Enforcement of judgment (days) Doing Business The time for enforcement of judgment captures the time from the moment the time to appeal has elapsed until the money is recovered by the winning party. Enforcing contracts: Filing and service (days) Doing Business The time for filing and service captures the time from the moment plaintiff decides to sue until defendant is served. Enforcing contracts: Procedures (number) Doing Business The procedures to enforce contracts records the list of procedural steps compiled for each economy that traces the chronology of a commercial dispute before the relevant court. A procedure is defined as any interaction, required by law or commonly carried out in practice, between the parties or between them and the judge or court officer. The component indicator is computed based on the methodology in the DB04-15 studies. Enforcing contracts: Procedures (number) - Score Doing Business The score for procedures to enforce contracts benchmarks economies with respect to the regulatory best practice on the indicator. The score is indicated on a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 represents the worst regulatory performance and 100 the best regulatory performance, and is computed based on the methodology in the DB04-15 studies. Enforcing contracts: Quality of the judicial processes index (0-19) (DB17-20 methodology) - Score Doing Business The score for quality of judicial processes index benchmarks economies with respect to the regulatory best practice on the indicator. The score is indicated on a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 represents the worst regulatory performance and 100 the best regulatory performance, and is computed based on the methodology in the DB17-20 studies. Enforcing contracts: Quality of the judicial processes index (0-18) (DB17-20 methodology) Doing Business The quality of judicial processes index is the sum of the court structure and proceedings, case management, court automation and alternative dispute resolution. The index is computed based on the methodology in the DB17-20 studies. Rank: Enforcing contracts (1=most business-friendly regulations) Doing Business The ranking of economies on the ease of enforcing contracts is determined by sorting their scores for enforcing contracts. Enforcing contracts: Trial and judgment (days) Doing Business The time for trial and judgment captures the time from the moment defendant is served until the time to appeal has elapsed. Enforcing contracts: Time (days) Doing Business The time to enforce contracts is recorded in calendar days, counted from the moment plaintiff decides to file the lawsuit in court until payment. The average duration of the following three different stages of dispute resolution is recorded: (i) filing and service, (ii) trial and judgment, and (iii) enforcement. Enforcing contracts: Time (days) - Score Doing Business The score for time to enforce contracts benchmarks economies with respect to the regulatory best practice on the indicator. The score is indicated on a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 represents the worst regulatory performance and 100 the best regulatory performance. Global: Ease of doing business score (DB10-14 methodology) Doing Business The ease of doing business score is the simple average of the scores for each of the Doing Business topics: starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts and resolving insolvency. The score is computed based on the methodology in the DB10-14 studies for topics that underwent methodology updates. Global: Ease of doing business score (DB15 methodology) Doing Business The ease of doing business score is the simple average of the scores for each of the Doing Business topics: starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts and resolving insolvency. The score is computed based on the methodology in the DB15 studies for topics that underwent methodology updates. Global: Ease of doing business score (DB17-20 methodology) Doing Business The ease of doing business score is the simple average of the scores for each of the Doing Business topics: starting a business, dealing with construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders, enforcing contracts and resolving insolvency. The score is computed based on the methodology in the DB17-20 studies for topics that underwent methodology updates. Ease of doing business index (1=most business-friendly regulations) Doing Business Ease of doing business ranks economies from 1 to 190, with first place being the best. The ranking of economies is determined by sorting the aggregate ease of doing business scores. A high ranking (a low numerical rank) means that the regulatory environment is conducive to business operation. World Bank, Doing Business project (http://www.doingbusiness.org/). NOTE: Doing Business has been discontinued as of 9/16/2021. For more information: https://bit.ly/3CLCbme Climate Change Private Sector Dealing with construction permits: Liability and insurance regimes index (0-2) (DB16-20 methodology) Doing Business The liability and insurance regimes index evaluates the stringency of latent defect liability and insurance regimes. It has two components: (i) whether any parties involved in the construction process are held legally liable for latent defects such as structural flaws or problems in the building once it is in use; (ii) whether any party involved in the construction process is legally required to obtain a latent defect liability or decennial (10 years) liability insurance policy to cover possible structural flaws or problems in the building once it is in use. The index is computed based on the methodology in the DB16-20 studies. Dealing with construction permits: Professional certifications index (0-4) (DB16-20 methodology) Doing Business The professional certifications index evaluates professional certi?cation requirements. It has two components: (i) the qualification requirements of the professional responsible for verifying that the architectural plans or drawings are in compliance with the building regulations; and (ii) the qualification requirements of the professional who conducts the technical inspections during construction. The index is computed based on the methodology in the DB16-20 studies. Dealing with construction permits: Building quality control index (0-15) (DB16-20 methodology) - Score Doing Business The score for the building quality control index benchmarks economies with respect to the regulatory best practice on the indicator. The score ranges from 0 to 100, where 0 represents the worst regulatory performance and 100 the best regulatory performance, and is computed based on the methodology in the DB16-20 studies. Dealing with construction permits: Cost (% of Warehouse value) Doing Business The cost records all official costs associated with completing the procedures to legally build a warehouse, including the costs associated with obtaining land use approvals and preconstruction design clearances; receiving inspections before, during and after construction; obtaining utility connections; and registering the warehouse at the property registry. It is calculated as a percentage of the warehouse value. Nonrecurring taxes required for the completion of the warehouse project are also recorded. Sales taxes (such as value added tax) or capital gains taxes are not recorded. Nor are deposits that must be paid up front and are later refunded. Dealing with construction permits: Cost (% of Warehouse value) - Score Doing Business The score for cost benchmarks economies with respect to the regulatory best practice on the indicator. The score ranges from 0 to 100, where 0 represents the worst regulatory performance and 100 the best regulatory performance. Dealing with construction permits (DB06-15 methodology) - Score Doing Business The score for dealing with construction permits is the simple average of the scores for each of the component indicators: the procedures, time, cost to deal with construction permits, as well as the building quality control index that evaluate the quality of building regulations, the strength of quality control and safety mechanisms, liability and insurance regimes and professional certification requirements. The score is computed based on the methodology in the DB06-15 studies. Dealing with construction permits (DB16-20 methodology) - Score Doing Business The score for dealing with construction permits is the simple average of the scores for each of the component indicators: the procedures, time, cost to deal with construction permits, as well as the building quality control index that evaluate the quality of building regulations, the strength of quality control and safety mechanisms, liability and insurance regimes and professional certification requirements. The score is computed based on the methodology in the DB16-20 studies. Dealing with construction permits: Procedures (number) Doing Business The number of procedures records all interactions of the building company’s employees or any party acting on its behalf with external parties, including government agencies, notaries, the land registry, the cadastre, utility companies and public inspectors. Procedures that the company undergoes to connect the warehouse to water and sewerage are included. All procedures that are legally required and that are done in practice by a majority of companies are counted, even if they may be avoided in exceptional cases. Dealing with construction permits: Procedures (number) - Score Doing Business The score for the number procedures benchmarks economies with respect to the regulatory best practice on the indicator. The score ranges from 0 to 100, where 0 represents the worst regulatory performance and 100 the best regulatory performance. Dealing with construction permits: Quality of building regulations index (0-2) (DB16-20 methodology) Doing Business The quality of building regulations index evaluates the accessibility and transparency of building regulations. It has two components: (i) whether building regulations are easily accessible; and (ii) whether the requirements for obtaining a building permit are clearly specified. The index is computed based on the methodology in the DB16-20 studies. Dealing with construction permits: Quality control after construction index (0-3) (DB16-20 methodology) Doing Business The quality control after construction index evaluates quality control after the construction process. It has two components: (i) whether a final inspection is mandated by law to verify that the building was built in accordance with the approved plans and existing building regulations; and (ii) whether the final inspection is implemented in practice. The index is computed based on the methodology in the DB16-20 studies. Dealing with construction permits: Quality control before construction index (0-1) (DB16-20 methodology) Doing Business The quality control before construction index evaluates quality control in the review of the building plans. The index measures whether by law, a licensed architect or engineer is part of the committee or team that reviews and approves building permit applications and whether that person has the authority to refuse an application if the plans are not in conformity with regulations. The index is computed based on the methodology in the DB16-20 studies. Dealing with construction permits: Quality control during construction index (0-3) (DB16-20 methodology) Doing Business The quality control during construction index evaluates quality control during the construction process. It has two components: (i) whether inspections are mandated by law during the construction process; (ii) whether inspections during construction are implemented in practice. The index is computed based on the methodology in the DB16-20 studies. Rank: Dealing with construction permits (1=most business-friendly regulations) Doing Business The ranking of economies on the ease of dealing with construction permits is determined by sorting their scores for dealing with construction permits. Dealing with construction permits: Time (days) Doing Business The time captures the median duration that local experts indicate is necessary to complete a procedure in practice. It is calculated in calendar days. The time estimates of all procedures are added to calculate the total time required to complete each procedure, taking into account simultaneity of processes. It is assumed that the minimum time required for each procedure is one day, except for procedures that can be fully completed online, for which the time required is recorded as half a day. Dealing with construction permits: Time (days) - Score Doing Business The score for time benchmarks economies with respect to the regulatory best practice on the indicator. The score ranges from 0 to 100, where 0 represents the worst regulatory performance and 100 the best regulatory performance. Getting Credit total score (DB05-14 methodology) Doing Business The total score for getting credit is the sum of the strength of legal rights index and the depth of credit information index, based on the methodology in the DB05-14 studies. Getting Credit total score (DB15-20 methodology) Doing Business The total score for getting credit is the sum of the strength of legal rights index and the depth of credit information index, based on the methodology in the DB15-20 studies. Getting credit (DB05-14 methodology) - Score Doing Business The score for getting credit benchmarks economies with respect to the regulatory best practice on the indicator set. The score is indicated on a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 represents the worst regulatory performance and 100 the best regulatory performance, and is computed based on the methodology in the DB05-14 studies. Getting credit (DB15-20 methodology) - Score Doing Business The score for getting credit benchmarks economies with respect to the regulatory best practice on the indicator set. The score is indicated on a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 represents the worst regulatory performance and 100 the best regulatory performance, and is computed based on the methodology in the DB15-20 studies. Rank: Getting credit (1=most business-friendly regulations) Doing Business The ranking of economies on the ease of getting credit is determined by sorting their scores for getting credit. Getting credit: Depth of credit information index (0-6) (DB05-14 methodology) Doing Business The depth of credit information index measures the coverage, scope and accessibility of credit information available through credit reporting service providers such as credit bureaus or credit registries. The index ranges from 0 to 8 based on the methodology in the DB05-14 studies. Getting credit: Depth of credit information index (0-6) (DB05-14 methodology) - Score Doing Business The score for the depth of credit information benchmarks economies with respect to the regulatory best practice on the indicator. The score is indicated on a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 represents the worst regulatory performance and 100 the best regulatory performance, and is computed based on the methodology in the DB05-14 studies. Getting credit: Depth of credit information index (0-8) (DB15-20 methodology) Doing Business The depth of credit information index measures the coverage, scope and accessibility of credit information available through credit reporting service providers such as credit bureaus or credit registries. The index ranges from 0 to 8 based on the methodology in the DB15-20 studies. Getting credit: Depth of credit information index (0-8) (DB15-20 methodology) - Score Doing Business The score for the depth of credit information benchmarks economies with respect to the regulatory best practice on the indicator. The score is indicated on a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 represents the worst regulatory performance and 100 the best regulatory performance, and is computed based on the methodology in the DB15-20 studies.