Bribery depth (% of public transactions where a gift or informal payment was requested) Enterprise Surveys The depth of Bribery is the percentage of instances in which a firm was either expected or requested to provide a gift or informal payment during solicitations for public services, licenses or permits. This measure uses data from 6 survey questions for each firm. For purposes of computation, a refusal to answer a particular survey question is considered an affirmative answer. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Bribery incidence (percent of firms experiencing at least one bribe payment request) Enterprise Surveys The percent of firms experiencing at least one bribe payment request across 6 public transactions dealing with utilities access, permits, licenses, and taxes. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials Enterprise Surveys Percentage of firms expected to give gifts or informal payments during meetings with tax officials. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms expected to give gifts to get an operating license Enterprise Surveys Percentage of firms expected to give gifts or informal payments to get an operating license. Spontaneous refusals to the question are treated as a Yes. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms identifying corruption as a major constraint Enterprise Surveys Percentage of firms identifying corruption as a "major" or "very severe" obstacle. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms expected to give gifts to secure government contract Enterprise Surveys Percentage of establishments that consider that firms with characteristics similar to theirs are making informal payments or giving gifts to public officials to secure government contract. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Value of gift expected to secure a government contract (% of contract value) Enterprise Surveys Percentage of contract value expected as a gift to secure government contract. Only firms that have confirmed that they have secured or attempted to secure a government contract in the last 12 months were required to answer this question. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms expected to give gifts to public officials "to get things done" Enterprise Surveys Percentage of establishments that consider that firms with characteristics similar to theirs are making informal payments or giving gifts to public officials to "get things done" with regard to customs, taxes, licenses, regulations, services etc. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms expected to give gifts to get an electrical connection Enterprise Surveys Percentage of firms expected to give gifts or informal payments to get an electrical connection. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms expected to give gifts to get a water connection Enterprise Surveys Percentage of firms expected to give gifts or informal payments to get a water connection. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms expected to give gifts to get a construction permit Enterprise Surveys Percentage of firms expected to give gifts or informal payments to get a construction permit. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms expected to give gifts to get an import license Enterprise Surveys Percentage of firms expected to give gifts or informal payments to get an import license. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms identifying the courts system as a major constraint Enterprise Surveys Percentage of firms identifying functioning of the courts as major constraint. The computation of the indicator is based on the rating of the obstacle as a potential constraint to the current operations of the establishment. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms paying for security Enterprise Surveys Percentage of firms paying for security, for example equipment, personnel, or professional security services. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms experiencing losses due to theft and vandalism Enterprise Surveys Percent of firms experiencing losses due to theft, robbery, vandalism or arson that occurred on the establishment's premises World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). If the establishment pays for security, average security costs (% of annual sales) Enterprise Surveys Average security costs as a percentage of total annual sales for firms that pay for security. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). If there were losses, average losses due to theft and vandalism (% of annual sales) Enterprise Surveys If there were losses, estimated losses as a result of theft, robbery, vandalism or arson that occurred on establishment's premises calculated as a percentage of annual sales. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Products shipped to supply domestic markets that were lost due to theft (% of product value) Enterprise Surveys Value of losses of products, due to theft, while in transit to domestic markets. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms identifying crime, theft and disorder as a major constraint Enterprise Surveys Percentage of firms identifying crime, theft and disorder as a "major" or "very severe" obstacle. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Annual employment growth (%) Enterprise Surveys Annualized growth of permanent full-time workers expressed as a percentage. Annual employment growth is the change in full-time employment reported in the current fiscal year from a previous period. For most countries the difference between the two fiscal year periods is two years. However, for some countries the interval is three years. Hence, an annualized measure is used. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Age of the establishment (years) Enterprise Surveys Age of the firm based on the year in which the firm began operations. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Proportion of private domestic ownership in a firm (%) Enterprise Surveys Percentage of the firm owned by domestic individuals, companies or organizations. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms with at least 10% of foreign ownership Enterprise Surveys Percentage of firms that have at least 10% owned by private foreign individuals, companies or organizations. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms with at least 10% of government/state ownership Enterprise Surveys Percentage of firms where the government or state has at least a 10% share in ownership of the firm. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms with legal status of Sole Proprietorship Enterprise Surveys Percent of firms with legal status of Sole Proprietorship World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms buying fixed assets Enterprise Surveys Percent of firms buying fixed assets such as machinery, equipment, land or buildings. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Proportion of investment financed internally (%) Enterprise Surveys Estimated proportion of purchases of fixed assets that was financed from internal funds/retained earnings. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Value of collateral needed for a loan (% of the loan amount) Enterprise Surveys Value of collateral needed for a loan or line of credit as a percentage of the loan value or the value of the line of credit. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Proportion of loans requiring collateral (%) Enterprise Surveys Loans requiring collateral in order to get the financing. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms using banks to finance investments Enterprise Surveys Percentage of firms using banks to finance purchases of fixed assets. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms using banks to finance working capital Enterprise Surveys Percentage of firms using bank loans to finance working capital. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms with a bank loan/line of credit Enterprise Surveys Percentage of firms with bank loans or line of credit. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms with a checking or savings account Enterprise Surveys Percentage of firms with a checking or savings account. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms identifying access to finance as a major constraint Enterprise Surveys Percentage of firms identifying access/cost of finance as a "major" or "very severe" obstacle. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Proportion of investment financed by banks (%) Enterprise Surveys Estimated proportion of purchases of fixed assets that was financed from bank loans. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms not needing a loan Enterprise Surveys Percent of firms that did not apply for a loan in the last fiscal year because they did not need a loan. The denominator is the number of firms who did and did not apply for a loan. The numerator is the number of firms who did not apply for a loan and also stated that they did not need a loan. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms whose recent loan application was rejected Enterprise Surveys Percent of firms whose recent loan application was rejected. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms using supplier/customer credit to finance working capital Enterprise Surveys Percentage of firms using credit from suppliers and advances from customers to finance working capital. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Proportion of working capital financed by banks (%) Enterprise Surveys Proportion of the working capital that was financed by bank loans. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms with female participation in ownership Enterprise Surveys Percentage of firms with females among the owners. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Proportion of permanent full-time workers that are female (%) Enterprise Surveys Percentage of full-time workers that are female. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Proportion of permanent full-time non-production workers that are female (%) Enterprise Surveys Percentage of permanent full-time non-production workers that are female. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms with a female top manager Enterprise Surveys Percentage of firms with females as the top manager. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Proportion of permanent full-time production workers that are female (%) Enterprise Surveys Percentage of permanent full-time production workers that are female. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms with majority female ownership Enterprise Surveys Percentage of firms with majority female ownership World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms competing against unregistered or informal firms Enterprise Surveys Percentage of firms competing against unregistered or informal firms. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms identifying practices of competitors in the informal sector as a major constraint Enterprise Surveys Percentage of firms identifying practices of competitors in the informal sector as major constraint. The computation of the indicator is based on the rating of the obstacle as a potential constraint to the current operations of the establishment. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Percent of firms formally registered when they started operations in the country Enterprise Surveys Percentage of firms formally registered when they started operations in the country. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Number of years firm operated without formal registration Enterprise Surveys Average number of years firms operated without formal registration. This indicator is computed only for the firms that did not have a formal registration when they started their operations in the country. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/). Days to obtain an electrical connection (upon application) Enterprise Surveys Average wait, in days, experienced to obtain electrical connection from the day this establishment applied for it to the day it received the service. World Bank, Enterprise Surveys (http://www.enterprisesurveys.org/).