<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><wb:metadata page="1" pages="1" per_page="5000" total="15" xmlns:wb="http://www.worldbank.org"><wb:source id="2" name="World Development Indicators"><wb:concept id="Series"><wb:variable id="SH.STA.STNT.ZS"><wb:metatype id="Aggregationmethod">See SH.STA.STNT.ME.ZS for aggregation</wb:metatype><wb:metatype id="Dataset">WB_WDI</wb:metatype><wb:metatype id="Developmentrelevance">Child growth is an internationally accepted outcome reflecting child nutritional status.</wb:metatype><wb:metatype id="IndicatorName">Prevalence of stunting, height for age (% of children under 5)</wb:metatype><wb:metatype id="License_Type">CC BY-4.0</wb:metatype><wb:metatype id="License_URL">https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/int/public-licenses#cc-by</wb:metatype><wb:metatype id="Limitationsandexceptions">Survey estimates come with levels of uncertainty due to both sampling error and non-sampling error (e.g., measurement technical error, recording error etc.,). None of the two sources of errors have been fully taken into account for deriving estimates neither at country nor at regional or worldwide levels.</wb:metatype><wb:metatype id="Longdefinition">Prevalence of stunting is the percentage of children under age 5 whose height for age is more than two standard deviations below the median for the international reference population ages 0-59 months. For children up to two years old height is measured by recumbent length. For older children height is measured by stature while standing. The data are based on the WHO's 2006 Child Growth Standards.</wb:metatype><wb:metatype id="Othernotes">Undernourished children have lower resistance to infection and are more likely to die from common childhood ailments such as diarrheal diseases and respiratory infections. Frequent illness saps the nutritional status of those who survive, locking them into a vicious cycle of recurring sickness and faltering growth (UNICEF). Estimates are from national survey data. Being even mildly underweight increases the risk of death and inhibits cognitive development in children. And it perpetuates the problem across generations, as malnourished women are more likely to have low-birth-weight babies. Stunting, or being below median height for age, is often used as a proxy for multifaceted deprivation and as an indicator of long-term changes in malnutrition.</wb:metatype><wb:metatype id="Periodicity">Annual</wb:metatype><wb:metatype id="Referenceperiod">1983-2024</wb:metatype><wb:metatype id="Source">UNICEF, WHO, World Bank: Joint child Malnutrition Estimates (JME). Aggregation is based on UNICEF, WHO, and the World Bank harmonized dataset (adjusted, comparable data) and methodology., UN Children's Fund (UNICEF), note: Aggregation is based on UNICEF, WHO, and the World Bank harmonized dataset (adjusted, comparable data) and methodology;
World Health Organization (WHO), note: Joint child Malnutrition Estimates (JME); Aggregation is based on UNICEF, WHO, and the World Bank harmonized dataset (adjusted, comparable data) and methodology;
World Bank (WB), note: Joint child Malnutrition Estimates (JME); Aggregation is based on UNICEF, WHO, and the World Bank harmonized dataset (adjusted, comparable data) and methodology</wb:metatype><wb:metatype id="Statisticalconceptandmethodology">Methodology: Survey estimates are based on standardized methodology using the WHO Child Growth Standards as described elsewhere.
Statistical concept(s): Child stunting refers to a child who is too short for his or her age and is the result of chronic or recurrent malnutrition. Stunting is a contributing risk factor to child mortality and is also a marker of inequalities in human development. Stunted children fail to reach their physical and cognitive potential. Child stunting is one of the World Health Assembly nutrition target indicators.</wb:metatype><wb:metatype id="Topic">Health: Nutrition</wb:metatype><wb:metatype id="Unitofmeasure">Percentage</wb:metatype></wb:variable></wb:concept></wb:source></wb:metadata>